Quarterly report pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d)

SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Policies)

SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Policies)

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2018

Use of Estimates

The preparation of the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from these estimates. Significant estimates during the three and six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017 include the allowance for doubtful accounts, reserve for obsolete inventory, the useful life of property and equipment and investment in real estate and intangible assets, assumptions used in assessing impairment of long-term assets, valuation of deferred tax assets and the associated valuation allowances, and valuation of stock-based compensation.

Fair value of financial instruments and fair value measurements

Fair Value of Financial Instruments and Fair Value Measurements

The Company adopted the guidance of Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 820 for fair value measurements which clarifies the definition of fair value, prescribes methods for measuring fair value, and establishes a fair value hierarchy to classify the inputs used in measuring fair value as follows:

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Level 1-Inputs are unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities available at the measurement date.

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Level 2-Inputs are unadjusted quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar assets and liabilities in markets that are not active, inputs other than quoted prices that are observable, and inputs derived from or corroborated by observable market data.

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Level 3-Inputs are unobservable inputs which reflect the reporting entity’s own assumptions on what assumptions the market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability based on the best available information.

The carrying amounts reported in the condensed consolidated balance sheets for cash, accounts receivable, account receivable – related party, tenants receivable, security deposit, inventory, prepaid expenses and other current assets, accounts payable, accrued liabilities and other payables, accrued liabilities and other payables – related parties, deferred rental income, loan payable, interest payable, Value Added Tax (“VAT”) and other taxes payable, tenants’ security deposit, due to related party, and refundable deposit, approximate their fair market value based on the short-term maturity of these instruments. At June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, intangible assets were measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis as shown in the following tables.

	Quoted Price in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)		Balance at June 30, 2018		Impairment Loss
Patents and other technologies	$	—	$	—	$	1,419,474	$	1,419,474	$	—

	Quoted Price in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)		Balance at December 31, 2017		Impairment Loss
Patents and other technologies	$	—	$	—	$	1,583,260	$	1,583,260	$	923,769
Goodwill		—		—		—		—		397,569
Total	$	—	$	—	$	1,583,260	$	1,583,260	$	1,321,338

In December 2017, the Company assessed its long-lived assets for any impairment and concluded that there were indicators of impairment as of December 31, 2017 and it calculated that the estimated undiscounted cash flows were less than the carrying amount of the intangible assets. Based on its analysis, the Company recognized an impairment loss of $1,321,338 for the year ended December 31, 2017, which reduced the value of intangible assets acquired to $1,583,260. The Company did not record any impairment charge for the three and six months ended June 30, 2018.

ASC 825-10 “Financial Instruments”, allows entities to voluntarily choose to measure certain financial assets and liabilities at fair value (fair value option). The fair value option may be elected on an instrument-by-instrument basis and is irrevocable, unless a new election date occurs. If the fair value option is elected for an instrument, unrealized gains and losses for that instrument should be reported in earnings at each subsequent reporting date. The Company did not elect to apply the fair value option to any outstanding instruments.

Cash

Cash

Cash consists of cash on hand and cash in banks. The Company maintains cash with various financial institutions in the PRC and United States. At June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, cash balances in PRC are $1,318,799 and $1,327,009, respectively, are uninsured. At June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, cash balances in United States are $2,324,517 and $1,700,024, respectively. The Company has not experienced any losses in bank accounts and believes it is not exposed to any risks on its cash in bank accounts.

Concentrations of credit risk

Concentrations of Credit Risk

Currently, a portion of the Company’s operations are carried out in PRC. Accordingly, the Company’s business, financial condition and results of operations may be influenced by the political, economic and legal environment in the PRC, and by the general state of the PRC’s economy. The Company’s operations in PRC are subject to specific considerations and significant risks not typically associated with companies in North America. The Company’s results may be adversely affected by changes in governmental policies with respect to laws and regulations, anti-inflationary measures, currency conversion and remittance abroad, and rates and methods of taxation, among other things.

Financial instruments which potentially subject the Company to concentrations of credit risk consist principally of cash, trade accounts receivable and tenants receivable. A portion of the Company’s cash is maintained with state-owned banks within the PRC, and none of these deposits are covered by insurance. The Company has not experienced any losses in such accounts and believes it is not exposed to any risks on its cash in bank accounts. A portion of the Company’s sales are credit sales which is to the customer whose ability to pay is dependent upon the industry economics prevailing in these areas; however, concentrations of credit risk with respect to trade accounts receivable and tenants receivable is limited due to generally short payment terms. The Company also performs ongoing credit evaluations of its customers to help further reduce credit risk.

At June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, the Company’s cash balances by geographic area were as follows:

Country:	June 30, 2018				December 31, 2017
United States	$	2,324,517	63.8	%	$	1,700,024	56.2	%
China		1,318,799	36.2	%		1,327,009	43.8	%
Total cash	$	3,643,316	100.0	%	$	3,027,033	100.0	%

Accounts receivable and allowance for doubtful accounts

Accounts Receivable and Allowance for Doubtful Accounts

Accounts receivable are presented net of an allowance for doubtful accounts. The Company maintains allowances for doubtful accounts for estimated losses. The Company reviews the accounts receivable on a periodic basis and makes general and specific allowances when there is doubt as to the collectability of individual balances. In evaluating the collectability of individual receivable balances, the Company considers many factors, including the age of the balance, a customer’s historical payment history, its current credit-worthiness and current economic trends. Accounts are written off after exhaustive efforts at collection.

Management believes that the accounts receivable are fully collectable. Therefore, no allowance for doubtful accounts is deemed to be required on its accounts receivable at June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017. The Company historically has not experienced uncollectible accounts from customers granted with credit sales.

Tenants receivable and allowance for doubtful accounts

Tenants Receivable and Allowance for Doubtful Accounts

Tenants receivable are presented net of an allowance for doubtful accounts. Tenants receivable balance consist of base rents, tenant reimbursements and receivables arising from straight-lining of rents primarily represent amounts accrued and unpaid from tenants in accordance with the terms of the respective leases, subject to the Company’s revenue recognition policy. An allowance for the uncollectible portion of tenant receivable is determined based upon an analysis of the tenant’s payment history, the financial condition of the tenant, business conditions in the industry in which the tenant operates and economic conditions in Freehold, New Jersey in which the property is located.

Management believes that the tenants receivable are fully collectable. Therefore, no allowance for doubtful accounts is deemed to be required on its tenants receivable at June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017.

Inventory

Inventory

Inventory is stated at the lower of cost and net realizable value. Cost is determined using the first-in, first-out (FIFO) method. A reserve is established when management determines that certain inventory may not be saleable. If inventory costs exceed expected market value due to obsolescence or quantities in excess of expected demand, the Company will record reserve for the difference between the cost and the lower of cost or estimated net realizable value. These reserve is recorded based on estimates. The Company did not record any inventory reserve at June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017.

Property and Equipment

Property and Equipment

Property and equipment are carried at cost and are depreciated on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful lives of the assets. The cost of repairs and maintenance is expensed as incurred; major replacements and improvements are capitalized. When assets are retired or disposed of, the cost and accumulated depreciation are removed from the accounts, and any resulting gains or losses are included in income in the year of disposition. The Company examines the possibility of decreases in the value of fixed assets when events or changes in circumstances reflect the fact that their recorded value may not be recoverable.

Investment in real estate and depreciation

Investment in Real Estate and Depreciation

Investment in real estate is carried at cost less accumulated depreciation and consists of building and improvement. The Company depreciates real estate building and improvement on a straight-line basis over estimated useful life. Expenditures for ordinary repair and maintenance costs are charged to expense as incurred. Expenditure for improvements, renovations, and replacements of real estate asset is capitalized and depreciated over its estimated useful life if the expenditure qualifies as betterment. Real estate depreciation expense was $31,806 and $32,943 for the three months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively. Real estate depreciation expense was $63,611 and $32,943 for the six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively.

Intangible Assets

Intangible Assets

Intangible assets consist of patents and other technologies. Patents and other technologies are being amortized on a straight-line method over the estimated useful life of 5 years.

Impairment of Long-Lived Assets

Impairment of Long-lived Assets

In accordance with ASC Topic 360, the Company reviews long-lived assets for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of the assets may not be fully recoverable, or at least annually. The Company recognizes an impairment loss when the sum of expected undiscounted future cash flows is less than the carrying amount of the asset. The amount of impairment is measured as the difference between the asset’s estimated fair value and its book value. The Company did not record any impairment charge for the three and six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017.

Acquisition Consideration

Acquisition Consideration

On October 25, 2017, GenExosome entered into and closed a Stock Purchase Agreement with Beijing Jieteng (GenExosome) Biotech Co. Ltd., a corporation incorporated in the People’s Republic of China (“Beijing GenExosome”) and Dr. Zhou, the sole shareholder of Beijing GenExosome, pursuant to which GenExosome acquired all of the issued and outstanding securities of Beijing GenExosome in consideration of a cash payment in the amount of $450,000, which shall be paid upon Beijing GenExosome recording the change in ownership with the Ministry of Commerce of the People’s Republic of China in accordance with the Interim Measures for Record Management regarding the Establishment and Change of Foreign-invested Enterprises (revised).

On October 25, 2017, Dr. Zhou was appointed to the board of directors of GenExosome and served as Co-chief executive officer of GenExosome. As of June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, the unpaid acquisition consideration of $450,000 was recorded as due to related party on the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets.

Deferred rental income

Deferred Rental Income

Deferred rental income represents rental income collected but not earned as of the reporting date. The Company defers the revenue related to lease payments received from tenants in advance of their due dates. As of June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, deferred rental income totaled $11,182 and $12,769, respectively.

Value added tax

Value Added Tax

Avalon Shanghai is subject to a value added tax (“VAT”) of 6% for providing medical related consulting services and Beijing GenExosome is subject to a VAT of 3% for performing development services and sales of developed products. The amount of VAT liability is determined by applying the applicable tax rates to the invoiced amount of medical related consulting services provided and the invoiced amount of development services provided and sales of developed products (output VAT) less VAT paid on purchases made with the relevant supporting invoices (input VAT). The Company reports revenue net of PRC’s value added tax for all the periods presented in the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss.

Revenue Recognition

Revenue Recognition

In May 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued an update Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) (“ASU 2014-09”) establishing Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (“ASC 606”). ASU 2014-09, as amended by subsequent ASUs on the topic, establishes a single comprehensive model for entities to use in accounting for revenue arising from contracts with customers and supersedes most of the existing revenue recognition guidance. This standard, which is effective for interim and annual reporting periods in fiscal years that begin after December 15, 2017, requires an entity to recognize revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services and also requires certain additional disclosures. The Company adopted this standard in 2018 using the modified retrospective approach, which requires applying the new standard to all existing contracts not yet completed as of the effective date and recording a cumulative-effect adjustment to retained earnings as of the beginning of the fiscal year of adoption. Based on an evaluation of the impact ASU 2014-09 will have on the Company’s sources of revenue, the Company has concluded that ASU 2014-09 did not have a material impact on the process for, timing of, and presentation and disclosure of revenue recognition from customers.

Types of revenue:

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Rental revenue from leasing commercial property under operating leases with terms of generally three years or more.

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Service fees under consulting agreements with related parties to provide medical related consulting services to its clients. The Company is paid for its services by its clients pursuant to the terms of the written consulting agreements. Each contract calls for a fixed payment.

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Service fees under agreements to perform development services for hospitals other customers. The Company does not perform contracts that are contingent upon successful results.

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Sales of developed products to hospitals and other customers.

Revenue recognition criteria:

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The Company recognizes rental revenue from its commercial leases on a straight-line basis over the life of the lease including rent holidays, if any. Straight-line rent receivable consists of the difference between the tenants’ rents calculated on a straight-line basis from the date of lease commencement over the remaining terms of the related leases and the tenants’ actual rents due under the lease agreements and is included in tenants receivable in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. Revenues associated with operating expense recoveries are recognized in the period in which the expenses are incurred.

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The Company recognizes revenue by providing medical related consulting services under written service contracts with its customers. Revenue related to its service offerings is recognized as the services are performed and amounts are earned and all other elements of revenue recognition have been satisfied. Prepayments, if any, received from customers prior to the services being performed are recorded as advance from customers. In these cases, when the services are performed, the amount recorded as advance from customers is recognized as revenue.

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Revenue from development services performed under written contracts is recognized when it is earned pursuant to the terms of the contract. Each contract calls for a fixed dollar amount with a specified time period. These contracts generally involve up-front payment. Revenue is recognized for these projects as services are provided.

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Revenue from sales of developed items to hospitals and other customers is recognized when items are shipped to customers and titles are transferred.

The Company does not offer promotional payments, customer coupons, rebates or other cash redemption offers to its customers.

Sales tax collected is not recognized as revenue and amounts outstanding are included in accrued liabilities and other payables in the consolidated balance sheets.

Office Lease

Office Lease

When a lease contains “rent holidays”, the Company records rental expense on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease and the difference between the average rental amount charged to expense and the amount payable under the lease is recorded as prepaid expenses in the consolidated balance sheets. The Company begins recording rent expense on the lease possession date.

Shipping and Handling Costs

Shipping and Handling Costs

Shipping and handling costs are expensed as incurred and are included in cost of sales. For the three months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017, the Company did not incur shipping and handling costs. For the six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017, shipping and handling costs amounted to $25 and $0, respectively.

Research and development

Research and Development

Expenditures for research and product development costs are expensed as incurred. The Company incurred research and development expense in the amount of $263 related to the development of proprietary diagnostic and therapeutic products leveraging exosome technology and optimization of Exosome Isolation Systems in the three and six months ended June 30, 2018. The Company did not incur any research and development costs during the three and six months ended June 30, 2017.

Advertising and Marketing Costs

Advertising and Marketing Costs

All costs related to advertising and marketing are expensed as incurred. The Company did not incur any advertising and marketing expenses during the three and six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017.

Real Property Operating Expenses

Real Property Operating Expenses

Real property operating expenses consist of property management fees, property insurance, real estate taxes, depreciation, repairs and maintenance fees, utilities and other expenses related to the Company’s rental properties.

Medical Related Consulting Services Costs

Costs of medical related consulting services includes the cost of internal labor and related benefits, travel expenses related to consulting services, subcontractor costs, other related consulting costs, and other overhead costs. Subcontractor costs were costs related to medical related consulting services incurred by our subcontractor, such as medical professional’s compensation and travel costs.

Development Services and Sales of Developed Products Costs

Development Services and Sales of Developed Products Costs

Costs of development services and sales of developed items includes inventory costs, materials and supplies costs, depreciation, internal labor and related benefits, other overhead costs and shipping and handling costs incurred.

Stock-based compensation

Stock-based Compensation

Stock-based compensation is accounted for based on the requirements of the Share-Based Payment topic of Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 718 which requires recognition in the financial statements of the cost of employee and director services received in exchange for an award of equity instruments over the period the employee or director is required to perform the services in exchange for the award. The Accounting Standards Codification also requires measurement of the cost of employee and director services received in exchange for an award based on the grant-date fair value of the award.

Pursuant to ASC Topic 505-50, for share-based payments to consultants and other third-parties, compensation expense is recognized over the period of services or the vesting period, whichever is applicable. Until the measurement date is reached, the total amount of compensation expense remains uncertain. The Company’s compensation expense for unvested options to non-employees is re-measured at each balance sheet date and is being amortized over the vesting period of the options.

Income Taxes

Income Taxes

The Company accounts for income taxes using the asset/liability method prescribed by ASC 740, “Income Taxes.” Under this method, deferred tax assets and liabilities are determined based on the difference between the financial reporting and tax bases of assets and liabilities using enacted tax rates that will be in effect in the period in which the differences are expected to reverse. The Company records a valuation allowance to offset deferred tax assets if, based on the weight of available evidence, it is more-likely-than-not that some portion, or all, of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. The effect on deferred taxes of a change in tax rates is recognized as income or loss in the period that includes the enactment date.

The Company follows the accounting guidance for uncertainty in income taxes using the provisions of ASC 740 “Income Taxes”. Using that guidance, tax positions initially need to be recognized in the financial statements when it is more likely than not the position will be sustained upon examination by the tax authorities. As of June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, the Company had no significant uncertain tax positions that qualify for either recognition or disclosure in the financial statements. Tax year that remains subject to examination is the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015. The Company recognizes interest and penalties related to significant uncertain income tax positions in other expense. However, no such interest and penalties were recorded as of June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017.

Foreign currency translation

Foreign Currency Translation

The reporting currency of the Company is the U.S. dollar. The functional currency of the parent company, AHS, Avalon RT 9, and GenExosome, is the U.S. dollar and the functional currency of Avalon Shanghai and Beijing GenExosome, is the Chinese Renminbi (“RMB”). For the subsidiaries whose functional currency is the RMB, result of operations and cash flows are translated at average exchange rates during the period, assets and liabilities are translated at the unified exchange rate at the end of the period, and equity is translated at historical exchange rates. As a result, amounts relating to assets and liabilities reported on the statements of cash flows may not necessarily agree with the changes in the corresponding balances on the balance sheets. Translation adjustments resulting from the process of translating the local currency financial statements into U.S. dollars are included in determining comprehensive income/loss. Transactions denominated in foreign currencies are translated into the functional currency at the exchange rates prevailing on the transaction dates. Assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies are translated into the functional currency at the exchange rates prevailing at the balance sheet date with any transaction gains and losses that arise from exchange rate fluctuations on transactions denominated in a currency other than the functional currency are included in the results of operations as incurred.

All of the Company’s revenue transactions are transacted in the functional currency of the operating subsidiaries. The Company does not enter into any material transaction in foreign currencies. Transaction gains or losses have not had, and are not expected to have, a material effect on the results of operations of the Company.

Asset and liability accounts at June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 were translated at 6.6225 RMB to $1.00 and at 6.5067 RMB to $1.00, respectively, which were the exchange rates on the balance sheet dates. Equity accounts were stated at their historical rates. The average translation rates applied to the statements of operations for the six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017 were 6.3701 RMB and 6.8745 RMB to $1.00, respectively. Cash flows from the Company’s operations are calculated based upon the local currencies using the average translation rate.

Comprehensive Loss

Comprehensive Loss

Comprehensive loss is comprised of net loss and all changes to the statements of equity, except those due to investments by stockholders, changes in paid-in capital and distributions to stockholders. For the Company, comprehensive loss for the six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017 consisted of net loss and unrealized (loss) gain from foreign currency translation adjustment.

Per share data

Per Share Data

ASC Topic 260 “Earnings per Share,” requires presentation of both basic and diluted earnings per share (“EPS”) with a reconciliation of the numerator and denominator of the basic EPS computation to the numerator and denominator of the diluted EPS computation. Basic EPS excludes dilution. Diluted EPS reflects the potential dilution that could occur if securities or other contracts to issue common stock were exercised or converted into common stock or resulted in the issuance of common stock that then shared in the earnings of the entity.

Basic net loss per share are computed by dividing net loss available to common stockholders by the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period. Diluted net loss per share is computed by dividing net loss by the weighted average number of shares of common stock, common stock equivalents and potentially dilutive securities outstanding during each period. Potentially dilutive common shares consist of the common shares issuable upon the exercise of common stock options and warrants (using the treasury stock method). Common stock equivalents are not included in the calculation of diluted net loss per share if their effect would be anti-dilutive. In a period in which the Company has a net loss, all potentially dilutive securities are excluded from the computation of diluted shares outstanding as they would have had an anti-dilutive impact. The following table presents a reconciliation of basic and diluted net loss per share:

	Three Months			Three Months			Six Months			Six Months
	Ended			Ended			Ended			Ended
	June 30, 2018			June 30, 2017			June 30, 2018			June 30, 2017
Net loss available to Avalon GloboCare Corp. common shareholders for basic and diluted net loss per share of common stock	$	(1,294,394	)	$	(430,508	)	$	(2,775,973	)	$	(979,841	)
Weighted average common stock outstanding - basic and diluted		71,979,678			64,628,622			71,122,356			63,617,572
Net loss per common share attributable to Avalon GloboCare Corp. common shareholders - basic and diluted	$	(0.02	)	$	(0.01	)	$	(0.04	)	$	(0.02	)

The following table summarizes the securities that were excluded from the diluted per share calculation because the effect of including these potential shares was antidilutive:

	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
	2018		2017		2018		2017
Stock options		2,610,000		297,780		2,610,000		297,780
Warrants		578,891		—		578,891		—
Potentially dilutive securities		3,188,891		297,780		3,188,891		297,780

Business Acquisition

Business Acquisition

The Company accounts for business acquisition in accordance with ASC No. 805, Business Combinations. The assets acquired and liabilities assumed from the acquired business are recorded at fair value, with the residual of the purchase price recorded as goodwill. The result of operations of the acquired business is included in the Company’s operating result from the date of acquisition.

Non-controlling Interest

Non-controlling Interest

As of June 30, 2018, Dr. Yu Zhou, director and Co-Chief Executive Officer of GenExosome, who owned 40% of the equity interests of GenExosome, which is not under the Company’s control.

Segment reporting

Segment Reporting

The Company uses “the management approach” in determining reportable operating segments. The management approach considers the internal organization and reporting used by the Company’s chief operating decision maker for making operating decisions and assessing performance as the source for determining the Company’s reportable segments. The Company’s chief operating decision maker is the chief executive officer (“CEO”) and president of the Company, who reviews operating results to make decisions about allocating resources and assessing performance for the entire Company. The Company has determined that it has three reportable business segments: real property operating segment, medical related consulting services segment, and development services and sales of developed products segment. These reportable segments offer different types of services and products, have different types of revenue, and are managed separately as each requires different operating strategies and management expertise.

Related parties

Related Parties

Parties are considered to be related to the Company if the parties, directly or indirectly, through one or more intermediaries, control, are controlled by, or are under common control with the Company. Related parties also include principal owners of the Company, its management, members of the immediate families of principal owners of the Company and its management and other parties with which the Company may deal with if one party controls or can significantly influence the management or operating policies of the other to an extent that one of the transacting parties might be prevented from fully pursuing its own separate interests. The Company discloses all significant related party transactions.

Reclassification

Reclassification

Certain prior period amounts have been reclassified to conform to the current period presentation. These reclassifications have no effect on the previously reported financial position, results of operations and cash flows.

Reverse Stock Split

Reverse Stock Split

The Company effected a one-for-four reverse stock split of its common stock on October 18, 2016. All share and per share information has been retroactively adjusted to reflect this reverse stock split.

Fiscal Year End

Fiscal Year End

The Company has adopted a fiscal year end of December 31st.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

In July 2015, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2015-11, “Inventory (Topic 330): Simplifying the Measurement of Inventory”, which provides new guidance regarding the measurement of inventory. The new guidance requires most inventory to be measured at the lower of cost or net realizable value. The standard defines net realizable value as estimated selling prices in the ordinary course of business, less reasonably predictable costs of completion, disposal and transportation. The standard applies to companies other than those that measure inventory using last-in, first-out ("LIFO") or the retail inventory method. The standard is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2016, including interim periods within those reporting periods. Early application is permitted. Effective January 1, 2017, the Company adopted ASU No. 2015-11 and it had no material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842) (“ASU 2016-02”), which modified lease accounting for both lessees and lessors to increase transparency and comparability by recognizing lease assets and lease liabilities by lessees for those leases classified as operating leases under previous accounting standards and disclosing key information about leasing arrangements. This pronouncement is effective for reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2018 using a modified retrospective adoption method. The adoption of this guidance is not expected to have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

In January 2017, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2017-04, Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment (“ASU 2017-04”). ASU 2017-04 simplifies the accounting for goodwill impairment by removing Step 2 of the goodwill impairment test, which requires a hypothetical purchase price allocation. ASU 2017-04 is effective for annual or interim goodwill impairment tests in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, and should be applied on a prospective basis. Early adoption is permitted for interim or annual goodwill impairment tests performed on testing dates after January 1, 2017. The adoption of this guidance is not expected to have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

In May 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-09, “Modification Accounting for Share-Based Payment Arrangements”, which amends the scope of modification accounting for share-based payment arrangements. The ASU provides guidance on the types of changes to the terms or conditions of share-based payment awards to which an entity would be required to apply modification accounting under ASC 718. Specifically, an entity would not apply modification accounting if the fair value, vesting conditions, and classification of the awards are the same immediately before and after the modification. The ASU is effective for annual reporting periods, including interim periods within those annual reporting periods, beginning after December 15, 2017. Early adoption is permitted, including adoption in any interim period. Effective January 1, 2018, the Company adopted ASU No. 2017-09 and it had no material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

On December 22, 2017 the SEC staff issued Staff Accounting Bulletin 118 (“SAB 118”), which provides guidance on accounting for the tax effects of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the TCJA). SAB 118 provides a measurement period that should not extend beyond one year from the enactment date for companies to complete the accounting under ASC 740. In accordance with SAB 118, a company must reflect the income tax effects of those aspects of the TCJA for which the accounting under ASC 740 is complete. To the extent that a company’s accounting for certain income tax effects of the TCJA is incomplete but for which they are able to determine a reasonable estimate, it must record a provisional amount in the financial statements. Provisional treatment is proper in light of anticipated additional guidance from various taxing authorities, the SEC, the FASB, and even the Joint Committee on Taxation. If a company cannot determine a provisional amount to be included in the financial statements, it should continue to apply ASC 740 on the basis of the provisions of the tax laws that were in effect immediately before the enactment of the TCJA. The Company has applied this guidance to its consolidated financial statements.

In February 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-02, Income Statement—Reporting Comprehensive Income (Topic 220)—Reclassification of Certain Tax Effects from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income. This update was issued to address the income tax accounting treatment of the stranded tax effects within other comprehensive income due to the prohibition of backward tracing due to an income tax rate change that was initially recorded in other comprehensive income. This issue came about from the enactment of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Ac t on December 22, 2017, which changed the Company’s income tax rate from 35% to 21%. The ASU changed current accounting whereby an entity may elect to reclassify the stranded tax effect from accumulated other comprehensive income to retained earnings. The ASU is effective for periods beginning after December 15, 2018, although early adoption is permitted. The Company does not anticipate that the adoption of this ASU will have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements.

In March 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-05 (“ASU 2018-05), Income Taxes (Topic 740): Amendments to SEC Paragraphs Pursuant to SEC Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 118. This standard amends ASC 740, Income Taxes, to provide guidance on accounting for tax effects of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the “Tax Act”) pursuant to Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 118, which allows companies to complete the accounting under ASC 740 within one-year measurement period from the Tax Act enactment date. This standard is effective upon issuance. The Company has decided to follow the guidance provided by ASU 2018-05 and will leave the one-year measurement period open to evaluate the impact of the Tax Act.

Other accounting standards that have been issued or proposed by FASB that do not require adoption until a future date are not expected to have a material impact on the consolidated financial statements upon adoption. The Company does not discuss recent pronouncements that are not anticipated to have an impact on or are unrelated to its consolidated financial condition, results of operations, cash flows or disclosures.